⚠ Exercise as Two-Edged Sword
Moderate Exercise: Beneficial
Excess Exercise: Negative effects
Excess Exercise: Negative effects
🩺 Exercise and Cancer
- Moderate lowers colon and breast cancer risk
- Young women exercising during reproductive years: reduced breast cancer risk
- Cancer patients exercising: improved psychological well-being, preserved lean tissue, enhanced immune system
🩼 Exercise and Immune System
Moderate: Increases mood + immune function
Chronic Intense: Mood disturbance + suppressed immune system
Optimal level = strongest resistance to illness
Chronic Intense: Mood disturbance + suppressed immune system
Optimal level = strongest resistance to illness
🩸 Exercise and HIV
- HIV increases AIDS progression risk
- Anxiety and depression = risk factors
- Exercise decreases anxiety/depression → slows HIV negative effects
- Moderate exercise = complementary therapy
🔑 Key Definitions
- Social Physique Anxiety: Fear of negative evaluation by others about body
- Physical Self-Concept: Self-perception of physical self
- Body Image: Mental picture of one's body
- Exercise Addiction: Psychophysiological dependence; missing workouts causes mood disturbance/anxiety/depression
- Obligatory Runners: Exercise despite pain or injury
🧠 Two Clinical Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa
- Severe weight loss
- Refusal to maintain normal weight
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- Severe body image disturbance
- Requires professional help
2. Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge eating + purging ≥2x/week for 3 months
- Loss of self-control
- Severe body image disturbance
- Requires professional help
📈 Subclinical Eating Disorders
- More common than clinical disorders
- Meta-analysis: 92 studies, 10,878 athletes
- Athletes > non-athletes in symptoms
- Aesthetic sports (gymnastics, dance) > non-aesthetic
- Drive for thinness ≈ same in athletes vs non-athletes
🧠 Related Concepts
- Anorexia Analogue Hypothesis: Obligatory runners and anorexic females share drive for thinness through excessive exercise
- Muscle Dysmorphia: Preoccupation with not being muscular; compulsive weightlifting/diet
- Wrestlers Making Weight: Rapid weight loss → dehydration, hypoglycemia, cognitive decrements, mood disturbances
💡 Exam Tips
- Moderate exercise good, excess bad (two-edged sword)
- Optimal immune function at moderate exercise level
- 2 clinical disorders: Anorexia (severe weight loss), Bulimia (binge + purge ≥2x/week for 3 months)
- Meta-analysis: 92 studies, 10,878 athletes
- Aesthetic sports have higher rates
- Exercise addiction = missing workouts causes disturbance