36
🎯 Main Points

Chapter 36

PSY407 - Sport Psychology

👤 Important Figures

  • Albert Carron (1992) - Defined team cohesion
  • Widmeyer & Williams (1991) - Identified determinants

🔑 Key Definition

Team Cohesion (Carron, 1992):
"Dynamic process where group sticks together to achieve goals"
Understanding group dynamics is key
Interaction begins when group is formed

⚡ Core Concept

  • Success depends on team cohesion more than individual skills
  • Talented teams may fail; less talented teams may excel
  • Teams working together > individuals working separately

📊 Measurement: Five Inventories

  1. 1971 - SCQ (Sports Cohesiveness Questionnaire)
  2. 1981 - TCQ (Team Cohesion Questionnaire)
  3. 1984 - SCI (Sport Cohesion Instrument)
  4. 1985 - GEQ (Group Environment Questionnaire) - MOST USED
  5. 1992 - TPQ (Team Psychology Questionnaire)

📈 GEQ Details

Most widely used cohesion measure
18 items measuring 4 dimensions

🧠 Four Dimensions of Cohesion

  1. Personal Factors
  2. Team Factors
  3. Leadership Factors
  4. Environmental Factors

📈 Key Research Finding

Widmeyer & Williams (1991):
All 4 factors predict cohesion
Strongest predictor = Personal Satisfaction

💡 Exam Tips

  • Carron 1992: "dynamic process where group sticks together"
  • 5 inventories chronologically: SCQ (71), TCQ (81), SCI (84), GEQ (85), TPQ (92)
  • GEQ most used: 18 items, 4 dimensions
  • 4 dimensions: personal, team, leadership, environmental
  • Personal satisfaction = strongest predictor (Widmeyer & Williams 1991)