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📋 Summary

Higher Order Brain Functions-III 📚🧠

PSYP610 - Neurological Bases of Behavior

Memory: Where Are Your Memories? 📚🔍

👨‍🔬 Lashley's Search for the Engram

  • Engram 🧩: Physical memory trace in brain! Where is it? 🔍
  • Decades of Research 📅: Tried to find specific location! 🔬
  • Failed! ❌: Couldn't find one spot for memory! 🤔

📈 Lashley's Two Principles

⚖️ Equipotentiality

  • All Areas Equal! 🟦: Any cortex part can store memories! 🧠💾
  • No Special Spot 📍❌: Not one "memory center"! 🚫
  • Distributed Storage 🌐: Spread across brain! 🧠🔀

📊 Mass Action

  • Amount Matters! 📏: More brain = Better memory! 🧠⬆️📚⬆️
  • Not Location 📍❌: QUANTITY of cortex important! 📏✅
  • Damage Effects 💔: More damage = Worse memory! ⬇️

🧠 What IS Memory?

  • Information Storage 💾: Saved from sensory experience! 👁️👂➡️💾
  • Can Be Retrieved 🔍: Access later when needed! ⏰
  • Encoded 🔐: Translated into brain language! 🧠🔤

🎓 Learning vs. Memory

  • Learning 📚: Acquiring new information! ⬇️🧠
  • Memory 💾: Storing that information! 💾🧠
  • Related but Different! 🔗: Learn first, then remember! 📚➡️💾

⏱️ Two Memory Systems

💭 Short-Term Memory (STM)

  • Temporary Storage 📦: Seconds to minutes! ⏲️
  • Limited Capacity 📊: 7±2 items (Miller's Law)! 🔢
  • Working Memory 💻: Active processing! 🧠⚡
  • Easily Disrupted 💥: Distraction = Lost! ❌

📚 Long-Term Memory (LTM)

  • Permanent Storage 📏: Years to lifetime! ♾️
  • Unlimited Capacity ∞: Never "fills up"! 🎆
  • Consolidated 🔒: Stable and enduring! 💪
  • Organized 📁: Categories and connections! 🔗

🧩 Hebb's Consolidation Theory

🔄 The Process

  • Initial Trace 🎯: Weak, electrical activity! ⚡
  • Reverberation 🔊: Neurons keep firing in loop! 🔁
  • Structural Changes 🔨: Physical modifications in synapses! 🔗🔧
  • Consolidation 🔒: Temporary ➡️ Permanent! 💾

⚡ Neurons That Fire Together, Wire Together!

  • Hebbian Learning 🧠: Repeated activation strengthens! 💪
  • Synaptic Plasticity 🔗: Connections change with use! 🔄
  • Foundation of Learning! 🏛️: Still accepted today! ✅

🎯 Where ARE Memories Stored?

  • Everywhere! 🌍: Distributed across cortex! 🧠
  • Different Types, Different Places 📍: Motor, visual, emotional! 💪👁️💔
  • Hippocampus Key 🔑: For forming new memories! 🎆
  • Cortex for Storage 💾: Long-term kept here! 🧠

🔑 Key Takeaways

  • No single "memory spot"! 📍❌
  • Equipotentiality = Spread out! 🌐
  • Mass action = Amount matters! 📏✅
  • STM = Temporary! ⏱️
  • LTM = Permanent! 📏
  • Consolidation takes time! ⏰🔒
  • Hebb's theory still valid! 🧠✅
  • Fire together = Wire together! ⚡🔗
  • Hippocampus essential! 🔑🧠