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📋 Summary

Development of the Nervous System-VI 👶🧠

PSYP610 - Neurological Bases of Behavior

Baby Brain Growth! 🍼➡️🧒

📊 Brain Weight Over Time

  • Newborn 🍼: 350g → Dense cells, few fibers 🧫
  • 2-3 months 📅: 500g → Grey/white matter forming 🔀
  • 6-8 months 📅: 660g → Clear grey/white distinction 🧠
  • 1 year 🎂: 925g → Fewer cells, MORE connections! 🔗⬆️
  • 3 years 🧒: 1080g → Complex behaviors emerge! 🎯
  • 6-14 years 👦: 1350g → Mature cognition! ✨

👶 Behavioral Milestones

  • Neonate: Reflexes (Moro, grasp, rooting) 🔄
  • 2-3 mos: Visual-motor integration! 👁️💪
  • 6-8 mos: Higher cognitive functions! 🧠💭
  • 1 year: Interaction, stranger anxiety! 🌍😰
  • Eventually: Roll 🔄, Sit 🪑, Crawl 🚼, Walk 🚶!

⏰ Critical Sensitive Period

  • Brain vulnerable during rapid growth! 🧠⚠️📈
  • Only during specific windows! ⏰
  • Before/after = No effect! ⏪❌⏩
  • Fetus depends on mother! 🤰🔗

🌍 Major Influences on Brain

🍽️ Nutrition (CRITICAL!)

  • Critical Period: 2nd trimester to 1st year! 📅
  • Malnutrition = Fewer cells forever! 🧫⬇️❌
  • Cells need protein to divide! 🥩🧫
  • IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE! ⚠️💔

💨 Oxygen Levels

  • Hypoxia = Brain damage! 💨⚠️
  • Mother's circulation matters! 🩸
  • Neurons die without oxygen! 💀
  • Similar to mental retardation! 🧠⚠️

💪 Motor Activity

  • Movement in uterus = Stronger muscles! 🤰🏃💪
  • Exercise builds connections! 🔗
  • Sensory responses develop too! 👂👁️

🧬 Hormones

  • Critical for differentiation! 🔀
  • Timing is everything! ⏰

📡 External Stimulation

  • Needed for normal organ development! 💪
  • Sensory deprivation = Defects! ❌💔

💊 Drugs (DANGER!)

  • Teratogenic effects! ☠️
  • Thalidomide = First discovered! 😴💊⚠️
  • Also: Morphine, heroin, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine! 💉🍷🚬
  • AVOID during pregnancy! ⚠️🤰

🦠 Viral Infections

  • Measles and others damage brain! 🤒🧠
  • Can cause mental retardation and blindness! ⚠️🙈

☢️ Radiation

  • Damages rapidly dividing cells! ⚡🧫💀
  • Growth spurt period most vulnerable! 📈⚠️

🔄 Motor + Sensory = Interactive!

  • Motor stimulation → Sensory input 💪➡️📡
  • Sensory input → Motor development 📡➡️💪
  • They stimulate each other! 🤝

🔑 Key Takeaways

  • Brain weight quadruples in first year! 🍼📈
  • Fewer cells, more connections over time! 🧫⬇️🔗⬆️
  • Critical periods are crucial! ⏰✅
  • Nutrition is NON-NEGOTIABLE! 🍽️⚠️
  • Environment shapes the brain! 🌍🧠
  • Damage can be permanent! 💔❌
  • Mother's health = Baby's brain! 🤰🧠