⚠ Three Problems with Drug Use
- Ethics: Illegal and provides unfair advantage
- Addiction: Physical and psychological dependence
- Health Risks: Potentially lethal effects
💊 Psychophysiological Effects of Banned Substances
1. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Type: Hormones that stimulate protein anabolism
Positive Effects: ↑ Size, strength, power; ↑ Blood volume; ↑ Red blood cells
Negative Effects: ↑ Heart disease, cancers, kidney and liver damage
Positive Effects: ↑ Size, strength, power; ↑ Blood volume; ↑ Red blood cells
Negative Effects: ↑ Heart disease, cancers, kidney and liver damage
2. Stimulants (Amphetamines, Cocaine)
- Effects: ↑ CNS, respiratory system, heart rate
- Benefits: Delay fatigue
- Risks: Addictive, serious health problems
3. Depressants (Barbiturates, Sedatives, Alcohol)
- Intended: Relieve tension and anxiety
- Actual: ↓ Inhibition, ↑ Risk-taking
- Risk: Addictive
4. Other Banned Drugs
- Diuretics
- Hallucinogens
- Beta-adrenergic blockers
5. Creatine Use by Athletes
Type: Energy-producing supplement
IOC Status: NOT banned
Long-term effects: On liver, kidneys, brain UNDER STUDY
IOC Status: NOT banned
Long-term effects: On liver, kidneys, brain UNDER STUDY
🛑 Combating Drug Abuse in Sport
Challenge: Underreporting and coach influence
Two Approaches:
1. Cognitive Techniques (5)
- Support groups
- Show concern
- Set limits
- Team policy
- Teach coping skills
2. Behavioral Techniques (3)
- Teach drug-free performance strategies
- Peer involvement
- Fear of detection via mandatory drug testing
💡 Exam Tips
- 3 problems: Ethics (illegal/unfair), Addiction (dependence), Health (lethal)
- Anabolic steroids = hormones, increase size/strength/power BUT heart disease/cancers/liver-kidney damage
- Stimulants = delay fatigue BUT addictive
- Depressants = intended relieve anxiety BUT actually decrease inhibition/increase risk
- Creatine = NOT IOC banned, long-term effects under study
- 5 Cognitive techniques vs 3 Behavioral techniques
- Challenge = underreporting and coach influence